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<title>PT・OTのための生理学テキスト | 株式会社文光堂</title>


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<meta name="description" content="生理学は医療系の学校に入学して最初に学ぶ科目の一つで，医学の基礎だが，生理学で学ぶべき内容は多岐にわたるため，教科書も分厚いものが多い．そこで本書では，生理学を学び始めるときにいつも手元における，あまり厚くない教科書として，臨床の現場へ出る前に「これだけは知っておきたい」内容に絞りまとめた．本書はPT・OTはもちろん，他の医療職者を目指す方にとっても，生理学の入門書として必ず役に立つ一冊．">

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		<h1 class="catchCopy">PT・OT学生に特化した生理学教科書の決定版</h1>
		

		<h1 class="title titleWidth">PT・OTのための生理学テキスト<span class="version"></span></h1>
		

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					著：安藤啓司（神戸大学教授）
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				<ul class="property"><li class="disc">B5判・176頁・2色刷</li><li class="disc">ISBN&nbsp;978-4-8306-4547-1</li><li class="disc">2016年9月4日発行</li></ul>

				
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		<div class="headers"><h3 class="current content">内容</h3><h3 class="preface">序文</h3><h3 class="indexes">主要目次</h3></div><section class="current content">生理学は医療系の学校に入学して最初に学ぶ科目の一つで，医学の基礎だが，生理学で学ぶべき内容は多岐にわたるため，教科書も分厚いものが多い．そこで本書では，生理学を学び始めるときにいつも手元における，あまり厚くない教科書として，臨床の現場へ出る前に「これだけは知っておきたい」内容に絞りまとめた．本書はPT・OTはもちろん，他の医療職者を目指す方にとっても，生理学の入門書として必ず役に立つ一冊．</section><section class="preface">序文<br><br>　生理学は解剖学とともに医療系の学校に入学して最初に学ぶ科目の一つで，医学の基礎となるものです．医師，看護師，理学療法士，作業療法士，薬剤師，栄養士などは医療の現場でチームとして働いています．そこでは，さまざまな専門職者が個々の対象者ごとに，体のどこがどのように悪くなっていて，それに対してどのようにアプローチするのが最適であるかをそれぞれ専門の立場から話し合います．そのときに土台となるのが解剖学と生理学です．その人のどこ（＝解剖学）の働き（＝生理学）が具合悪くなっているかについて共通の理解がなければ話し合いになりません．<br>　私たちは自由自在に動き回って日々を過ごしています．生理学ではそれを可能としている体の仕組みについて学びます．例えば，体を動かすときに働くのは，骨，筋肉，関節などからなる運動器と脳，神経，感覚器官などが相互に連携し合った複雑なシステムです．脳は感覚器官の情報を基に運動のプランを立て，神経を使って運動の指令を出し，プラン通りに運動が行われているかどうかを常に感覚器で確かめています．こうして私たちは自由に行動することができますが，それを続けるためには外部から酸素とエネルギー源（食物）を取り込んで処理して全身へ配布し，廃棄物を回収して捨てる必要があります．それらを行っているのは呼吸器，循環器，消化器，泌尿器などです．私たちの体を多種多様な細胞から構成される社会に例えると，これらは上下水道や物流システムに相当し，細胞社会を支えるインフラストラクチャーといえます．こうした器官の働きはあまり意識にのぼりませんが，個々の細胞が十分に役割を果たせるよう，細胞周囲の環境の温度やpH，栄養物質，廃棄物，酸素などの量が適切な許容範囲内に収まるよう自動的に調節しています．このインフラストラクチャーに不具合が生じると，運動器には問題がなくても，私たちの活動は制限され，満足な日常生活を送ることができなくなります．こうした臓器や器官は，担当する働きを行うのに適した特有の構造をもち，特有の細胞から構成されています．そのような構造と機能の関係や，構成している細胞がどのようにして機能を発揮するかについても，生理学で学びます．このように生理学で学ぶべき内容は多岐にわたるため，教科書も分厚いものが多いです．<br>　この本のタイトルは「PT・OTのための生理学テキスト」としました．それは，私が実際に理学療法士と作業療法士を養成する大学で授業をしてきて，彼らが生理学を学び始めるときにいつも手元における，あまり厚くない教科書が必要だと思ったからです．臨床の現場へ出る前にこれだけは知っていてほしいと思う内容を中心に，限られた授業時間でカバーできるくらいの分量に絞りました．ですから，この本は他の医療職者を目指す方にとっても生理学の入門書として十分役に立つと思います．この本にはあえて詳しい説明を省いたところがあちこちにあります．そうしたテーマについてもっと知りたくなったときは専門書を開いて調べてください．この本を読んでから取り組めば理解できると思います．<br><br>2016年8月<br>安藤啓司</section><section class="indexes">第1章　生きているとは<br>　はじめに<br>　I　生体として<br>　　A．ホメオスタシス<br>　　B．調節のメカニズム<br>　II　細胞として<br>　　A．細胞膜<br>　　B．細胞内小器官<br>　III　人として生きる─日常生活動作（ADL）と生活の質（QOL）─<br>第2章　神経一般<br>　はじめに<br>　I　神経系の構成<br>　II　神経の構造<br>　III　ニューロンの興奮メカニズム<br>　　A．膜電位は何によって決定されるか，保たれているか<br>　　　1．‌細胞内外のイオン組成がアンバランスである<br>　　　2．細胞膜にイオンチャネルが存在する<br>　　B．活動電位が発生するメカニズム<br>　　　1．経過，現象の説明<br>　　　2．刺激によって何が変化するのか<br>　　　　a．電位依存性Naチャネルの活性化<br>　　　　b．電位依存性Naチャネルの不活性化と遅延整流性Kチャネルの活性化<br>　　　3．不応期<br>　IV　神経の興奮がどのようにして遠くまで伝えられるのか？<br>　　A．伝導の仕組み─神経線維（軸索）は単純な電線ではない<br>　　B．伝導速度は何によって決まるか<br>　　C．有髄神経における跳躍伝導<br>　　D．伝導の法則<br>　V　神経の興奮を他の神経へ伝える仕組み（シナプス伝達）<br>　　A．構　造<br>　　　1．シナプス前終末<br>　　　2．シナプス後膜<br>　　B．化学伝達の仕組み<br>　　　1．神経伝達物質<br>　　　2．‌シナプス伝達にはCa<sup>2＋</sup>の存在が必要<br>　　　3．シナプス遅延<br>　　　4．‌伝達物質の認識，シナプス後電位の発生<br>　　　5．伝達物質の除去<br>　　　　a．酵素による分解<br>　　　　b．シナプス前終末あるいはグリア細胞による再吸収<br>　　C．興奮性および抑制性シナプス後電位<br>　　　1．興奮性シナプス<br>　　　2．抑制性シナプス<br>　　D．化学シナプスの性質<br>　　E．シナプスの可塑性と学習<br>第3章　内分泌・自律神経<br>　はじめに<br>　I　内分泌系<br>　　A．ホルモンとは<br>　　　1．ホルモンの分類<br>　　　2．ホルモンの作用機序<br>　　B．視床下部─下垂体前葉系<br>　　　1．成長ホルモン（GH）<br>　　　2．甲状腺刺激ホルモン（TSH）<br>　　　3．副腎皮質刺激ホルモン（ACTH）<br>　　　4．性腺刺激ホルモン（ゴナドトロピン）<br>　　　5．プロラクチン（PRL）<br>　　C．下垂体中葉と後葉<br>　　　1．‌バソプレシン（別名：抗利尿ホルモン，ADH）<br>　　　2．オキシトシン<br>　　D．甲状腺と副甲状腺<br>　　　1．甲状腺ホルモン<br>　　　2．‌カルシトニンと副甲状腺ホルモン（PTH）<br>　　E．副腎皮質と髄質<br>　　　1．副腎皮質ホルモン<br>　　　　a．糖質コルチコイド<br>　　　　b．電解質コルチコイド<br>　　　　c．副腎アンドロゲン<br>　　　2．副腎髄質ホルモン<br>　　F．膵臓のランゲルハンス島<br>　　　1．インスリン<br>　　　2．グルカゴン<br>　　　3．ソマトスタチン<br>　　G．精巣と卵巣（性ホルモン）<br>　　　1．精　巣<br>　　　2．卵　巣<br>　　H．その他の内分泌腺<br>　　　1．松果体<br>　　　2．消化管<br>　　　3．脂肪組織<br>　II　自律神経<br>　　A．自律神経とは<br>　　B．自律神経系の構成<br>　　C．自律神経調節の特徴<br>　　　1．二重支配<br>　　　2．拮抗支配<br>　　　3．持続的活動（トーヌス）<br>　　　4．反射性調節<br>　　　5．器官個別的な刺激と集合的な刺激<br>第4章　腎臓・体液調節<br>　はじめに<br>　I　腎臓の構造と生理<br>　　A．腎臓の五つの主な働き<br>　　　1．水分量の調節<br>　　　2．電解質の調節<br>　　　3．酸塩基平衡<br>　　　4．廃棄物処理<br>　　　5．内分泌機能<br>　　B．腎臓の構造<br>　　C．尿の産生<br>　　　1．血液のろ過<br>　　　　a．自己調節機能<br>　　　　b．尿細管糸球体フィードバック機構<br>　　　　c．レニン分泌<br>　　　2．尿細管・集合管による再吸収と分泌<br>　　　　a．近位尿細管<br>　　　　b．ヘンレのループ<br>　　　　c．遠位尿細管，集合管<br>　II　体液の調節<br>　　A．浸透圧<br>　　B．電解質<br>　　　　1．Na <sup>＋</sup>，K<sup>＋</sup><br>　　　　2．Ca<sup>2＋</sup><br>　　C．酸塩基平衡<br>　III　排　尿<br>第5章 　血液・免疫<br>　はじめに<br>　I　骨　髄<br>　II　赤血球<br>　　A．性状，働き<br>　　B．産生と崩壊<br>　III　白血球と免疫<br>　　A．性状，起源，働き<br>　　　1．好中球とマクロファージによる食作用<br>　　　2．リンパ球と免疫<br>　　　　a．リンパ球の種類<br>　　　　b．ヘルパーT細胞の活性化<br>　　　　c．細胞傷害性T細胞の活性化<br>　　　　d．ヘルパーT細胞によるB細胞の活性化と抗体の産生<br>　　　　e．抗体とは<br>　IV　血漿，血液凝固，止血<br>　　A．血小板とは<br>　　B．血液の凝固<br>　　C．プラスミンによる血餅の溶解<br>第6章　呼　吸<br>　はじめに<br>　I　呼吸系の構造<br>　　A．気　道<br>　　B．気管支と肺<br>　II　呼吸運動とガスの出入り<br>　　A．呼吸運動<br>　　B．サーファクタント<br>　　C．肺気量<br>　III　血液によるガスの運搬<br>　　A．ガス交換<br>　　B．O<sub>2</sub>の運搬<br>　　C．CO<sub>2</sub>の運搬<br>　IV　呼吸の調節<br>　　A．酸塩基平衡<br>　　B．呼吸中枢<br>　　C．化学受容器<br>第7章　循環・心臓<br>　はじめに<br>　I　循環系の構成<br>　II　心　臓<br>　　A．構　造<br>　　B．心周期，心音<br>　　　1．心房収縮期（Ic）<br>　　　2．等容性収縮期（IIa）<br>　　　3．駆出期（IIb）<br>　　　4．等容性弛緩期（Ia）<br>　　　5．心室充満期（Ib）<br>　　C．心室の特性<br>　　D．心筋細胞<br>　　　1．心筋の構造，種類<br>　　　2．心筋の電気的活動<br>　　　　a．早く立ち上がる活動電位<br>　　　　b．洞房結節と房室結節の細胞の活動電位<br>　　　　c．自律神経のペースメーカーへの作用<br>　　　　d．伝導速度<br>　　　　e．自動能<br>　　　3．心筋の収縮<br>　　　　a．収縮メカニズム<br>　　　　b．長さ─張力関係<br>　　　4．心筋に対する自律神経の作用<br>　　　5．心電図<br>　III　血流と血管<br>　　A．血管と血流の力学的性質<br>　　B．血管の構成と種類，働き<br>　　　1．構　成<br>　　　2．動　脈<br>　　　3．毛細血管<br>　　　4．静　脈<br>　　C．血管網における物質交換<br>　IV　循環の調節<br>　　A．心臓の調節<br>　　　1．自己調節<br>　　　2．自律神経による調節<br>　　　3．液性調節<br>　　B．血管の調節<br>　　　1．神経性調節<br>　　　2．液性調節<br>　　　3．局所調節<br>　　C．血圧の調節<br>　　　1．血圧の測り方<br>　　　2．神経性調節<br>　　　3．液性調節<br>　　　　a．レニン・アンジオテンシン・アルドステロン系と心房性ナトリウム利尿ペプチド（ANP）<br>　　　　b．カテコールアミン<br>　　　　c．抗利尿ホルモン（バソプレシン，ADH）<br>　　　　d．血圧の異常：高血圧<br>第8章　消化と吸収<br>　はじめに<br>　I　消化系の構成<br>　II　口から食道へ<br>　III　胃<br>　　A．胃の運動<br>　　B．胃液の分泌<br>　　C．神経とホルモンによる調節<br>　IV　十二指腸における膵液，胆汁との混和 <br>　　A．膵液の成分<br>　　B．膵液の分泌調節<br>　　C．胆汁の成分<br>　　D．胆汁の放出<br>　V　小腸，大腸<br>　　A．糖質の吸収<br>　　B．タンパク質の吸収<br>　　C．脂肪の吸収<br>　　D．水の吸収<br>　　E．ビタミンの吸収<br>　VI　排　便<br>　VII　肝臓の働き<br>　　A．糖質の処理<br>　　B．アミノ酸の処理<br>　　C．脂質の処理<br>　　D．その他<br>第9章　代謝・エネルギー・体温<br>　はじめに<br>　I　三大栄養素とATP生成<br>　　A．炭水化物<br>　　B．脂　質<br>　　C．タンパク質<br>　II　代謝量<br>　　A．基礎代謝<br>　　B．安静時エネルギー代謝<br>　　C．労作時エネルギー代謝，代謝当量（METs）<br>　III　体　温<br>　　A．熱の出入り<br>　　B．体温調節<br>　　C．体温の異常<br>　　　1．発　熱<br>　　　2．高温障害と低温障害<br>第10章　運動機能<br>　はじめに<br>　I　骨格筋の構造と機能<br>　　A．筋線維の構造<br>　　B．収縮の分子機構<br>　　C．興奮収縮連関<br>　　D．神経筋接合部<br>　　E．骨格筋の循環<br>　　F．筋の増強と萎縮<br>　II　脊髄における筋活動の制御<br>　　A．運動単位<br>　　B．筋電図<br>　　C．脊髄反射<br>　　　1．伸張反射<br>　　　　a．筋紡錘<br>　　　　b．反射回路<br>　　　2．自原性抑制（Ib抑制）<br>　　　3．屈曲反射<br>　　　4．その他の脊髄反射（歩行など）<br>　III　大脳皮質による運動制御<br>　　A．運動野と皮質脊髄路<br>　　B．補足運動野と運動前野<br>　IV　運動機能に関与するその他の領域<br>　　A．脳　幹<br>　　B．大脳基底核<br>　　C．小　脳<br>　　　1．前庭系<br>　　　2．脊髄系<br>　　　3．大脳皮質系<br>第11章　感　覚<br>　はじめに<br>　I　感覚の一般的な性質<br>　　A．分　類<br>　　B．感覚器官の構成<br>　　C．感覚神経はどのようにして感覚の情報を伝えるか<br>　　　1．種　類<br>　　　2．場　所<br>　　　3．強　さ<br>　　　4．順応，情報の圧縮<br>　　　5．受容野，側方抑制，対比<br>　II　体性感覚<br>　　A．感覚受容器<br>　　　1．皮膚上の機械受容器<br>　　　　a．分　類<br>　　　　b．信号変換機構<br>　　　2．温度受容器<br>　　B．体性感覚の伝達経路<br>　　　1．後索─毛帯路<br>　　　2．脊髄視床路<br>　　　3．中枢における情報処理<br>　　C．痛　覚<br>　　　1．痛覚には他の感覚にはみられない特徴がある<br>　　　2．痛覚の受容器と神経線維<br>　　　　a．Aδ線維（有髄）<br>　　　　b．C線維（無髄）<br>　　　3．深部痛<br>　　　4．内臓痛<br>　　　5．関連痛<br>　　　6．痛覚の中枢による調節機構<br>　III　視　覚<br>　　A．眼の性能<br>　　　1．感　度<br>　　　2．空間分解能（視力）<br>　　B．眼球の構造<br>　　　1．像を結ぶ仕組み<br>　　　　a．構　成<br>　　　　b．遠近調節<br>　　　　c．屈折異常（近視，遠視，乱視）<br>　　　　d．瞳孔反射<br>　　　2．像をとらえる装置（網膜）<br>　　　　a．網膜の構造<br>　　　　b．光受容細胞<br>　　　　c．光信号を中継するニューロン群<br>　　　　d．順　応<br>　　C．中枢における視覚情報処理<br>　　　1．視覚情報の流れ<br>　　　2．視覚経路の障害による視野異常<br>　　　3．視床での処理<br>　　　4．皮質での処理<br>　　　　a．視覚野ニューロン活動の特色<br>　　　　b．視覚野の構造の特色<br>　　　　c．高次の視覚情報処理<br>　IV　聴覚および平衡感覚<br>　　A．音とは？ 耳は何を聴いているか<br>　　B．耳の構造<br>　　　1．外　耳<br>　　　2．中　耳<br>　　　3．内　耳<br>　　C．音の変換過程<br>　　　1．音のスペクトル（振動数）分解の仕組み<br>　　　2．音による受容器電位発生の仕組み<br>　　　　a．コルチ器の構造<br>　　　　b．有毛細胞における受容器電位発生<br>　　D．聴覚伝導路および聴覚中枢<br>　　E．平衡感覚<br>　　　1．前庭器官の構造<br>　　　2．直線加速度および重力の受容<br>　　　3．回転の受容<br>　　　4．前庭系からの情報の利用<br>　V　化学受容器によるにおいと味の感覚<br>　　A．味　覚<br>　　　1．味覚の特徴<br>　　　2．受容器と受容機構<br>　　　3．中枢機構<br>　　B．嗅　覚<br>　　　1．嗅覚の特徴<br>　　　2．受容器と受容機構<br>　　　3．中枢機構<br>第12章　脳機能<br>　はじめに<br>　I　意　識<br>　　A．広範囲調節系<br>　　　1．ノルアドレナリン作動性の青斑核<br>　　　2．セロトニン作動性の縫線核群<br>　　　3．ドーパミン作動性の黒質と腹側被蓋野<br>　　B．意識障害<br>　II　生体リズムと睡眠<br>　　A．脳　波<br>　　B．睡　眠<br>　　　1．睡眠とは<br>　　　2．睡眠段階<br>　　　3．睡眠のメカニズム<br>　　C．概日リズム<br>　III　情動，動機づけ<br>　　A．情　動<br>　　B．報酬系<br>　　C．動機づけの障害<br>　IV　学習と記憶<br>　　A．学習の種類<br>　　　1．余剰学習<br>　　　2．古典的条件づけ<br>　　　3．オペラント条件づけ<br>　　　4．その他<br>　　　　a．刷り込み<br>　　　　b．味覚嫌悪学習<br>　　　　c．知覚学習<br>　　B．記　憶<br>　　　1．長期記憶<br>　　　　a．宣言的記憶<br>　　　　b．手続き的記憶<br>　　　2．短期記憶と作業記憶<br>　　C．長期記憶と学習のメカニズム<br>　V　認　識<br>　　A．失　認<br>　　　1．視覚失認<br>　　　2．相貌失認<br>　　　3．半側空間無視<br>　　B．失　行<br>　　C．失　語<br>　　　1．言語生成の中枢とその障害<br>　　　　a．言葉の表出<br>　　　　b．文の生成<br>　　　2．言語理解の中枢とその障害<br>　　　　a．音韻，単語の識別<br>　　　　b．意味理解<br>　　　　c．ウェルニッケ野とブローカ野の連絡<br>　VI　思考･推論，知的機能<br>　　A．知　能<br>　　B．前頭葉機能<br>索　引</section></article>
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